What are Series Resistance Heaters?

These heaters consist of one or more electrically conductive foils connected to an electrical supply. The circuit length and the process temperature determine the operating resistance of the conductor.
Series heaters, being purely resistive heating circuits, are highly efficient with a unity power factor.
All of the heating effect is generated within a resistive metal core.

Sophisticated temperature and power regulation is available at modest cost, whilst circuit health monitoring may be by direct reading of resistance. Series resistance heating circuits are most often available for operating temperature applications up to 200°C and at power ratings up to 60W/m.

How do they work?

The available voltage is dropped across the electrical resistance represented by the series heater obeying Ohms law and resulting in a heating effect. More resistance results in a low heat and less resistance increases the heat output.