FIRE PROTECTION DUTIES of HOTELKEEPER

DISCOVERY OF FIRE

55. When a fire is discovered in a hotel, the manager or the person in charge shall immediately,

  (a) ensure that the fire alarm signal is sounded; and

  (b) where the hotel is in a municipality that has a fire department, ensure that the fire department is called.

56. No person shall silence a fire alarm signal in a hotel unless it has been determined that there is no fire or that the fire has been extinguished.

PERSON IN CHARGE

57. In a hotel, a manager, guard or other person in charge shall be,

  (a) available on the premises at all times; and

  (b) on duty on the premises at all times, if the hotel is four or more storeys in height or has a total floor area of 4,000m² or more.

EVACUATION

58. An approved fire safety plan shall be posted in the main reception area and in all other locations required by the inspector and shall indicate,

  (a) the method of sounding an alarm;

  (b) the procedure of the evacuation plan;

  (c) the use of fire fighting equipment;

  (d) the control of fire hazards;

  (e) the use of voice communication systems where provided;

  (f) the procedures for control of elevators;

  (g) the procedure for initiating smoke control or fire emergency systems where provided;

  (h) a procedure to ensure fire department access to the building; and

  (i) the location of building facilities provided for the safety of occupants from fire.

59. (1) A notice shall be displayed on the inside of the exit door of each suite and each room occupied individually and shall indicate,

  (a) the action to be taken by guests discovering a fire or hearing a fire alarm signal;

  (b) the fire safety rules of the hotel and, where the inspector so requires, the location of exits.

(2) In a high-rise hotel, a record including schematic diagrams of the fire emergency systems shall be maintained at a central alarm and control facility, and the record shall include instructions to the supervisory staff and fire department for the operation of fire protection systems.

(3) A copy of a list of fire emergency procedures and other duties of supervisory staff shall be given to all supervisory staff members.

(4) At least one copy of such parts of the fire safety plan as the inspector requires shall be prominently posted and maintained on each floor area.

(5) Specific fire safety and fire emergency instructions for staff in work areas shall be posted in each work area.

TRAINING

60. (1) The hotelkeeper shall ensure that hotel employees are familiar with,

  (a) the method of sounding a fire alarm;

  (b) evacuation procedures;

  (c) the use of fire fighting equipment, including portable fire extinguishers and standpipe and hose systems;

  (d) methods of controlling fire hazards in the hotel;

  (e) the location of building facilities provided for the safety of occupants;

  (f) in high-rise hotels, the use of the voice communication systems;

  (g) procedures for the use of elevators and the evacuation of non-ambulatory occupants;

  (h) the action to be taken in initiating any smoke control or fire emergency systems before the arrival of firefighters; and

  (i) procedures established to facilitate fire department access to the building and to the location of any fire.

(2) The hotelkeeper shall ensure that a fire drill for all hotel employees is conducted at least once during every twelve month period.

(3) In high-rise hotels, the hotelkeeper shall ensure that a fire drill for supervisory staff and hotel staff assigned special duties in the event of fire is conducted at least once during every three month period.

FIRE ALARM AND VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

61. (1) The hotelkeeper shall ensure that the fire alarm system, smoke alarms and, where it is required, the voice communication system,

  (a) are operational at all times; and

  (b) are tested, inspected and maintained in accordance with U.L.C. S536-1979 Standard for the testing, inspection and maintenance of existing fire alarm systems.

(2) Every fire alarm system and voice communication system shall be tested in the presence of an inspector at least once a year.

(3) A record indicating the date and time of all tests under subsections (1) and (2) and the name of any inspector present shall be kept on the premises.

(4) The hotelkeeper shall ensure that where a fire alarm system or voice communication system or any part thereof is shut down, alternate measures acceptable to the inspector are established to maintain the safety of building occupants.

(5) Where a central alarm and control facility is provided in a hotel, the hotelkeeper shall ensure that,

  (a) a daily check of the central alarm and control facility is carried out to ensure no trouble is indicated in the system; and

  (b) the voice communication system between the floor areas and the central alarm and control facility, and loudspeakers operated from the central alarm and control facility, are tested monthly and yearly as required under clause (1)(b).

62. (1) The hotelkeeper shall ensure that the standpipe and hose system is regularly inspected and maintained and is ready for operation at all times.

(2) The hotelkeeper shall ensure that,

  (a) the plugs or caps of the fire department connection are removed annually, the threads inspected for wear, rust or obstructions and the plugs or caps re-secured and wrenched tight;

  (b) whenever a standpipe and hose system or part of the system is shut down, the fire department is notified;

  (c) hose cabinets are inspected monthly to verify that the hose is in proper position and that all the equipment is in place and in operable condition;

  (d) standpipe and hose system equipment is used for fire protection only;

  (e) standpipe hose cabinets are conspicuously identified and unobstructed;

  (f) hose valves are inspected annually to ensure that they can be operated by hand and that there is no water leakage into the hose;

  (g) the fire department connection is marked in a manner acceptable to the inspector, indicating its intended service and size;

  (h) standpipe hose are removed and re-racked annually and after use and any worn gaskets in the couplings at the hose valve and at the nozzle are replaced;

  (i) each hose connection in a dry standpipe system is provided with a legible waterproof sign reading "DRY STANDPIPE FOR FIRE DEPARTMENT USE ONLY";

  (j) all valves controlling water supplies to the standpipe and hose system are locked or sealed in the "OPEN" position;

  (k) flow and pressure tests are conducted annually at the highest and most remote hose valve or hose connection to verify that the water supply for standpipes is provided as originally designed;

  (l) standpipe system piping which normally remains dry is hydrostatically tested at least once every five years at a pressure of at least 1,400 kPa for two hours, or where the normal hydrostatic pressure exceeds 1,050 kPa, at 350 kPa more than the normal hydrostatic pressure;

  (m) a record of inspections, testing and maintenance of the standpipe and hose system is kept on the premises; and

  (n) standpipe systems that have been modified or extended or are to be restored to service after a period of disuse exceeding one year are hydrostatically tested at a pressure of at least 1,400 kPa for two hours, or where the normal hydrostatic pressure exceeds 1,050 kPa, at 350 kPa more than the normal hydrostatic pressure.

SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

63. (1) In the event of fire, the hotelkeeper shall ensure that the sprinkler control valves are not closed until the fire is extinguished or is considered to be under control by other means, as determined by the fire department.

(2) The hotelkeeper shall ensure that the sprinkler system is repaired and maintained and that repair and replacement, alterations of sprinkler system components and tests following alterations and repairs are in accordance with NFPA 13-1980 "Sprinkler Systems".

(3) The hotelkeeper shall ensure that,

  (a) no obstructions such as partitions, racks or piled stock are placed so as to interfere with the effectiveness of water discharge from sprinklers;

  (b) whenever the automatic sprinkler system or a part of the system is shut down, the fire department is notified and alternate acceptable measures satisfactory to the inspector are undertaken;

  (c) all valves controlling water supplies to sprinkler and alarm connections, except electrically supervised valves, are checked weekly to ensure that they are in the open position;

  (d) the sprinkler system piping is not used to support anything;

  (e) exposed sprinkler pipe hangers are checked yearly to ensure that they are in good repair;

  (f) air pressure on dry pipe systems is checked weekly to ensure that the system is maintained at the required operating pressure;

  (g) dry pipe valve rooms or enclosures in unheated buildings are checked as often as necessary during periods of freezing weather to ensure that adequate temperature is maintained to prevent freezing;

  (h) sprinkler heads are checked at least once yearly to ensure that they are free from damage, corrosion, grease, dust, paint or whitewash, and replaced where necessary as a result of such conditions;

  (i) auxiliary drains are inspected during cold weather to prevent freezing;

  (j) at least once in every fifteen year period, the dry pipe systems are inspected for obstructions in the sprinkler piping and, if necessary, the entire system flushed of foreign material;

  (k) the priming water supply for dry pipe systems is inspected annually to ensure that the proper level above the dry pipe valve is maintained;

  (l) plugs and caps on fire department connections are removed annually, the threads inspected for wear, rust, or obstruction, and the plugs or caps re-secured and wrenched tight; and

  (m) the fire department connection is marked in a manner acceptable to the inspector, indicating its intended service and size.

(4) The hotelkeeper shall ensure that,

  (a) notice of an intended test of water flow or other test of the sprinkler system is given to all parties who could be affected by an alarm, including the fire department;

  (b) alarms on all sprinkler systems are tested monthly, using the alarm test connection located at the sprinkler valve;

  (c) water flow alarms are tested on wet sprinkler systems annually, using the most hydraulically remote test connection;

  (d) dry pipe valves are tripped annually by means of the system test pipe to ensure that they operate satisfactorily and that the sprinkler alarms are in operating condition;

  (e) sprinkler system water pressure is tested, annually and after any sprinkler system control valve has been operated, with the main drain valve fully open, to ensure that there are no obstructions or deteriorations of the main water supply; and

  (f) where an electrical supervisory signal service is provided for a sprinkler system,

    (i) all transmitter and water flow activated devices are tested at intervals of not more than two months, and

    (ii) gate valve supervisory switches, tank water level devices, building and tank water temperature supervisory devices and other sprinkler system supervisory devices are tested at intervals of not more than six months.

WATER SUPPLIES FOR FIRE PROTECTION

64. (1) The hotelkeeper shall ensure that,

  (a) valves controlling water supplies exclusively for fire protection are inspected weekly to ensure that they are wide open and that they are sealed or locked in that position;

  (b) all tanks for fire protection, tanks supporting structures and water supply systems, including piping, control valves, check valves, heating systems, mercury gauges and expansion joints are inspected annually to ensure that they are in satisfactory operating condition; and

  (c) water levels in gravity tanks are inspected monthly to ensure that the proper level is maintained.

(2) The hotelkeeper shall ensure that,

  (a) fire pumps are tested monthly at rated speed and the fire pump discharge pressure, suction pressure, lubricating oil level, operative condition of relief valves, priming water level and general operating conditions are inspected;

  (b) fire pumps are tested annually at full rate capacity to ensure that they are capable of delivering the rated flow; and

  (c) records are kept of all fire pump tests, including flow tests, and made available to the inspector upon request.

PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERS

65. Portable fire extinguishers shall be,

  (a) conspicuously located;

  (b) readily accessible in the event of fire;

  (c) set on hangers, shelves or brackets, in a manner acceptable to the inspector; and

  (d) installed so that the top of the extinguisher is not more than,

    (i) 1.1m above the floor, where the gross weight of the extinguisher is more than 18kg, or

    (ii) 1.5m above the floor, where the gross weight of the extinguisher is 18kg or less.

66. The hotelkeeper shall ensure that,

  (a) portable fire extinguishers are inspected monthly;

  (b) defective portable fire extinguishers are repaired, replaced or recharged as necessary;

  (c) portable fire extinguishers are maintained in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturers;

  (d) each portable fire extinguisher has a tag securely attached to it, showing the maintenance or recharge date, the servicing agency and the signature of the person who performed the service;

  (e) a permanent record of the inspection and maintenance of all portable fire extinguishers, including the maintenance date, the examiner's name, and a description of any maintenance work or hydrostatic testing carried out, is kept on the premises;

  (f) after use, portable fire extinguishers are replaced and recharged according to the instructions given on the extinguisher's nameplate;

  (g) extinguisher shells, cartridges or cylinders that rupture or show leakage or permanent distortion in excess of specified limits are removed from service;

  (h) all portable fire extinguishers are subjected to hydrostatic testing at the intervals and test pressures indicated on the extinguisher's nameplate; and

  (i) a label is fixed to every portable fire extinguisher after hydrostatic testing indicating the month and year the test was performed, the test pressure used and the name of the person or agency performing the test.

67. No vaporizing liquid fire extinguisher shall be installed in a hotel, unless approved.

FIRE HAZARDS

68. (1) Every hotel shall be kept clean and free of rubbish and other debris.

(2) Combustible materials shall not be permitted to accumulate in any part of an elevator shaft, ventilating shaft, stairway, fire escape or other means of egress in a hotel.

(3) The contents of containers for waste, rubbish and other debris shall be removed from the hotel at least once a week.

(4) Combustible materials shall not be used to absorb flammable or combustible liquid spills.

(5) Greasy and oily rags or materials subject to spontaneous heating shall be deposited in a receptacle constructed of noncombustible materials having a melting point of not less than 650°C, designed without any openings in the side and bottom and provided with a self-closing, tightly fitted cover.

(6) Lint traps in laundry equipment in a hotel shall be cleaned regularly to prevent excessive accumulation of lint.

(7) All ashes shall be stored in receptacles constructed of non-combustible materials having a melting point of not less than 650°C, designed without any openings in the side and bottom and provided with a self-closing tight fitting cover.

(8) Combustible materials shall not be stored in the same container with ashes.

(9) Storage containers for ashes shall not be placed within 1m, measured from the sides and top, of combustible materials and shall not be placed on combustible floor surfaces unless they are equipped with flanged bottoms or legs at least 50mm in height.

(10) Where conditions are such as to make smoking a fire or explosion hazard in a hotel, smoking shall be permitted only in specifically approved smoking areas.

(11) The areas where smoking is not permitted shall be identified by,

  (a) signs having lettering 50mm high with a 12.5mm stroke;

  (b) symbols with dimensions of 150 x 150mm; or

  (c) instructions established under a fire safety plan and available to all persons.

(12) Flammable liquids shall not be used for cleaning purposes in a hotel.

(13) Flammable gases shall not be used to inflate balloons in a hotel.

69. Containers constructed of noncombustible material and having self-closing covers shall be provided in public washrooms, and in other locations where they may be required throughout a hotel, for the deposit of used paper towels, rubbish and other debris.

FIRE SEPARATIONS

70. The hotelkeeper shall ensure that,

  (a) where fire separations between major occupancies, fire walls or fire separations between rooms, corridors, shafts and other spaces or closures in fire separations are damaged so as to affect their fire resistance rating, the damage shall be repaired so that the integrity of the fire separation, wall or closure is restored;

  (b) defects that interfere with the operation of closures in fire separations are corrected;

  (c) closures are maintained, to ensure that they are operable at all times, by,

    (i) keeping fusible links and heat or smoke activated devices undamaged and free of paint and dirt,

    (ii) keeping guides, bearings and stayrolls clean and lubricated,

    (iii) inspecting door hardware and other ancillary components regularly and making necessary adjustments or repairs to ensure proper closing and latching, and

    (iv) repairing or replacing inoperative parts of hold-open devices and automatic releasing devices whenever necessary;

  (d) closures in fire separations are not blocked or wedged open; (e) doors in fire separations are inspected monthly;

  (f) doors in fire separations are checked as frequently as is necessary to ensure that they remain closed, unless equipment is installed to close the door automatically;

  (g) fire dampers and fire-stopped flaps are inspected annually or on an approved schedule; and

  (h) door openings and the surrounding areas are kept clear of anything that would be likely to obstruct or interfere with the fire separation of the door.

DRAPES, CURTAINS AND DECORATIVE MATERIALS

71. No drapery, curtain or other decorative textile, foam or other material shall be placed in a place of assembly, or in a lobby, corridor, stairway, or other exit, unless it is,

  (a) noncombustible; or

  (b) treated with a fire-retardant at least once a year, or in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, whichever is oftener.

OPEN FLAMES -- s. 72

72. (1) Unless approved, open flames shall not be permitted in a hotel in such quantities and in such a manner as to a create a fire hazard.

(2) Decorative and lighting devices having open flames may not be used unless they are,

  (a) approved;

  (b) securely supported in noncombustible holders; and

  (c) so located and protected that combustible materials will not come in contact with or be ignited by the flames.

(3) In places of public assembly, flaming meals or drinks shall be ignited only at the table where they are served to diners.

(4) A portable fire extinguisher complying with sections 44 and 45 and rated as 1A, 5-B,C or higher shall be available wherever refuelling of appliances and containers used for flaming meals or drinks takes place and on every serving cart or table where flaming meals and drinks are being served.

(5) No appliance or container used for igniting flaming meals or drinks shall be refuelled in a dining area.

RUGS AND CARPETS

73. Every rug, carpet or other floor covering in a place of assembly or in a lobby, corridor, stairway or other exit in a hotel shall be maintained so that it does not crease, wrinkle or otherwise impede egress.

EXITS

74. (1) All exit doors shall be clearly identified, and no draperies, mirrors or decorations shall be placed on or over exit doors.

(2) No lock, padlock, bar, chain or other device that prevents, or is intended to prevent, the free use of the door for exit purposes shall be installed or maintained on or in connection with an exit door.

(3) Exit doors, corridors, aisles and other means of egress shall be maintained free of obstruction.

(4) No furniture shall be placed in a corridor that serves a floor area that has sleeping accommodation, except as approved.

(5) Exterior passageways and exterior exit stairs shall be maintained free of snow and ice accumulations.

(6) Where equipment is provided to melt snow or ice on exterior passageways and exterior exit stairs in a hotel, the equipment shall be maintained in working order.

(7) All required exit signs shall be clearly visible and maintained in a clean and legible condition.

(8) Internally illuminated exit lights shall be clearly illuminated whenever the building is occupied.

(9) Emergency lighting unit equipment shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

NUMBER OF PERSONS

75. (1) The occupant load of a place of assembly determined under section 13 shall not be exceeded at any time.

(2) The occupant load of a place of assembly shall be posted in the place of assembly in a manner acceptable to an inspector.

ROWS OF MOVABLE SEATS

76. (1) Every exit from a place of assembly that contains rows of movable seats shall be accessible from any row by aisles.

(2) No centre seating section in a place of assembly that contains rows of movable seats shall have more than sixteen seats in a row and no seating section running to a side wall shall have more than eight seats in a row.

(3) Where an exit is located at the side of a place of assembly that contains rows of movable seats, a cross aisle that affords access to the exit shall be provided.

(4) An aisle in a place of assembly that contains rows of movable seats shall be at least 1.1m wide.

(5) No person shall stand in an aisle or place additional seats, chairs or tables in a place of assembly so as to reduce the aisle space required by this section.

(6) Unless otherwise approved, where the occupant load exceeds 200 persons in an assembly area containing movable seats,

  (a) the aisles shall be at least 1.65m wide; and

  (b) not more than one person for every 1.2m² of floor area shall be permitted in the assembly area.

HIGH-RISE FIRE PROTECTION

77. (1) The hotelkeeper of a high-rise hotel shall ensure that the required emergency systems are properly maintained and operative at all times.

(2) The hotelkeeper of a high-rise hotel shall ensure that,

  (a) keys required to recall elevators and to permit independent operation of each elevator are kept in a suitably identified box in a conspicuous location on the outside of the elevator shaft and at the central alarm and control facility;

  (b) an elevator designed for firefighters' use is maintained in operable condition and is identified on the floor containing the central alarm and control facility and at any interchange level;

  (c) access to windows and panels required to vent floor areas and to manually operable vents to vestibules is unobstructed;

  (d) windows and panels provided for venting floor areas can be opened readily without the use of keys; and

  (e) manually operable vents to vestibules are maintained in an operable condition.

(3) The hotelkeeper of a high-rise hotel shall ensure that, at intervals of not more than three months,

  (a) every elevator door opening device operated by means of photoelectric cells is tested to ensure that the device becomes inoperative after the door has been held open for more than ten seconds with the photoelectric cell covered;

  (b) key operated switches located outside an elevator shaft are tested to ensure that actuation of the switch will render the emergency stop switch in each car inoperative and bring all cars to the street floor or transfer lobby by cancelling all other calls after the car has stopped at the next floor at which it can make a normal stop; and

  (c) key operators' switches in each elevator car are tested to ensure that actuation of the switch will,

    (i) enable the elevator to operate independently of other elevators,

    (ii) allow operation of the elevator without interference from floor call buttons,

    (iii) render door protective devices inoperative, and

    (iv) permit the opening of power-operated doors only by continuous pressure on the door opening buttons or switches, so that if the "open" button or switch is released while the door is opening, the door will automatically close.

(4) The hotelkeeper of a high-rise hotel shall ensure that,

  (a) closures in vent openings into the smoke shafts from each floor area are inspected at least once in each five year period;

  (b) every closure in an opening to the outdoors at the top of a smoke shaft is inspected annually to ensure that it will open,

    (i) manually from outside the building,

    (ii) on a signal from a smoke or heat actuated device in the smoke shaft, and

    (iii) when a closure in an opening between a floor area and the smoke shaft opens;

  (c) all elevators in an elevator shaft that is intended for use as a smoke shaft are inspected semi-annually, to ensure that on activation of the fire alarm system they will return to the street floor and remain inoperative; and

  (d) controls for air-handling systems used for venting in the event of a fire are inspected annually, to ensure that air is exhausted from each floor area to the outdoors as required.

(5) The hotelkeeper of a high-rise hotel shall ensure that,

  (a) the smoke control equipment is maintained to ensure satisfactory operation;

  (b) where smoke control measures contained in the ACNBC publication "Measures for Fire Safety in High Buildings" are used, inspections and tests are conducted as outlined in section 7.3 of the National Fire Code of Canada, 1985; and

  (c) where smoke control systems are designed to meet the requirements of sentences 3.2.6.2(2), (3) and (4) of the Ontario Building Code, inspection and testing of the equipment shall be in accordance with procedures established by the designer of the system.

TESTS AND RECORDS

78. (1) Where tests, repairs or alterations are made to fire protection installations, including sprinkler and standpipe systems, the hotelkeeper shall notify the fire department and the building occupants where necessary for safety in the event of a fire emergency.

(2) The hotelkeeper shall keep a written record of all tests and corrective measures for a period of two years after they are made and shall make the record available upon request of the inspector.

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIRCONDITIONING

79. The hotelkeeper shall ensure that,

  (a) every defective heating appliance in a hotel is removed, repaired or replaced when it creates a hazardous condition;

  (b) chimneys and chimney liners that constitute a fire hazard are repaired or replaced as necessary;

  (c) coal and wood bins are located at least 1.2m from any heating appliance;

  (d) hoods, filters and ducts subject to the accumulation of combustible deposits are checked weekly and are cleaned when the deposits create a fire hazard;

  (e) every chimney, flue and flue pipe is inspected annually and cleaned as often as may be necessary to keep it free of accumulations of combustible deposits;

  (f) where flue pipes are removed, every flue pipe hole is closed with a tight fitting noncombustible cover, compatible with the chimney flue construction;

  (g) chimneys, flue pipes and breaching are maintained in a safe operating condition;

  (h) except within bedrooms and suites, disconnect switches for mechanical airconditioning and ventilation systems are inspected annually to establish that the system can be shut down;

  (i) ventilation shafts in hotels are used only for ventilating purposes;

  (j) work on ducts involving the use of heat-producing devices for cutting, welding or soldering, is not undertaken before the ventilation system has been shut down, the duct cleaned of any accumulations of combustible deposits and any combustible lining and covering materials that could be ignited by the work have been removed;

  (k) commercial cooking equipment exhaust and fire protection systems are maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations;

  (l) instructions for manually operating fire extinguishing installations are posted conspicuously in the kitchen as part of the fire safety plan; and

  (m) solid fuel burning appliances and equipment are installed and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLIES

80. The hotelkeeper shall ensure that,

  (a) the emergency power supply system is inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with CSA C282-1977--"Emergency Electrical Power Supply for Building";

  (b) where an emergency power system or any part of it is shut down, alternate safety measures acceptable to the inspector are undertaken;

  (c) where an emergency power supply is installed, instructions are provided for switching on essential loads and for starting a generator where this is not done automatically;

  (d) a written record of inspections, performance, test periods and repairs is kept as required by CSA C282-1977;

  (e) the amount of fuel stored and connected to the emergency power system is sufficient to operate the engine for eight hours; and

  (f) the liquid fuel storage tanks for emergency power supplies are drained and refilled with a fresh supply of fuel at least once a year, unless otherwise approved.

SPECIAL EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

81. The hotelkeeper shall ensure that,

  (a) except where this section provides otherwise, inspection and maintenance of special extinguishing systems is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations;

  (b) where a special extinguishing system or any part of it is shut down, alternate safety measures acceptable to the inspector are established;

  (c) written records are kept of all periodic inspection, maintenance and testing;

  (d) operating and maintenance instructions are posted near the equipment and near manual controls, if any;

  (e) valves and controls are clearly marked to indicate their function and are accessible at all times;

  (f) extinguishing agent containers provided for special extinguishing systems are fully charged with the proper quantity of extinguishing agent and the necessary operating pressure is maintained;

  (g) discharge outlets for special extinguishing systems are kept free of dirt and residue;

  (h) piping and equipment is mechanically secure and accessible for cleaning and maintenance; and

  (i) no replacement equipment and devices provided for special extinguishing systems are used unless they are suitable for the installation in which they are placed.